WHAT ARE THE CHANGES TO ISO 14001?
Thanks to a new common structure ISO 14001:2015 has a higher level of compatibility with other management system standards, such as ISO 9001:205 and the forthcoming ISO 45001 which will make integration easier.
There have been changes to the structure, key concepts and terminology of the standard – these are explained below.
TRANSITION OVERVIEW
- Three years to transition (deadline of 15 September 2018)
- Existing certifications can be upgraded at any point in the three years
- New certifications can be to either standard
- ISO 14001:2004 certificates will have valid until dates of the transition deadline.
CHANGES TO STRUCTURE
The new standard will follow the ten section structure defined in Annex SL:
- Scope
- Normative References
- Terms and Definitions
- Context of the Organization
- Leadership
- Planning
- Support
- Operation
- Performance Evaluation
- Improvement
KEY CONCEPTS
Below is an overview of the key changes between the 2004 and 2015 version of ISO 14001 – there
are several new requirements in addition to changes to key definitions. You will need to prepare for change and adapt your environmental management system to meet the new requirements and transition timelines.
CONTEXT OF THE ORGANIZATION
This is a new requirement to identify the internal and external factors and conditions that affect an organization. Examples of internal issues could include an organization’s culture and capabilities, whilst external issues could include the effects of climate change, flooding and the availability of natural resources to name but a few. The organization needs to identify the stakeholders of its EMS and any requirements they have.
Tip: The context will influence the type and complexity of management system needed.
LEADERSHIP
There is an explicit and enhanced requirement for top management to demonstrate leadership and commitment relating to the system.
Tip: Top management will need to take accountability for the effectiveness of the EMS and provide support and resources as necessary.
STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Top management needs to ensure that the environmental policy and environmental objectives are consistent with the overall business strategy, and that management review outputs include any implications for the strategic direction of the organization.
Tip: This will be new territory for ISO 14001 audits and in conjunction with the above, more audit time may need to be devoted to discussions with the organization’s leaders.
RISK AND OPPORTUNITIES
This is a new concept introduced in the ‘planning’ section of the standard. It requires the organization to identify the risks and opportunities associated with aspects and impacts, compliance obligations (previously known as legal and other requirements), and other necessary issues or requirements, and take action to address them.
Tip: “Risk and opportunities” can be thought of as potential adverse deviations from the expected (threats) or potential beneficial deviations from the expected (opportunities).
LIFE-CYCLE PERSPECTIVE
The identification of aspects and impacts should now be done whilst considering a life cycle perspective, i.e. from raw material acquisition, or generation from natural resources to end-of-life treatment. A life cycle perspective should also be taken when establishing value chain controls (see below).
Tip: A life-cycle perspective does not require a detailed life cycle assessment; a simple consideration of the life cycle stages which can be controlled or influenced would be sufficient.
VALUE CHAIN CONTROL AND INFLUENCE
Environmental requirements need to be established and considered throughout the procurement and design activities of the organization’s products and services.
Tip: Design processes would include development, delivery, use and end-of-life treatment.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
There is a new emphasis on the need for evaluation in addition to the current requirements for monitoring measurement and analysis.
Tip: Evaluation is the interpretation of results and analysis. This is not new to managers but is made explicit in the standard for the first time. Processes may be well defined and effective, but do they yield optimum results? This may be a new challenge for internal audits.
AUDITING
The standard is written for the benefit of organizations, not auditors. Auditors will need to understand and recognise the extent and type of evidence that would be acceptable to confirm conformity to the 2015 requirements.
ISO 14001:2015 auditors will be engaging in dialogue with business leaders, seeking understanding and explanations from them about policy, strategy and environmental objectives, and ensuring these are compatible. The audit experience from the client perspective is likely to be different, but revisions to the audit process will deliver more added value to the organizations being audited.
CONCLUSION
ISO 14001:2015 incorporates more business management terminology and concepts and will ensure that systems will be integrated into the organization’s overall business processes rather than being separate entities. The changes will require effort from organizations to implement, however the overall result will be a more effective management system capable of achieving better results in environmental performance.
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